BIM FAQs

Want to find out more about BIM? We have compiled a list of frequently asked questions below.

Frequently Asked Questions

BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a process for generating and managing construction project data throughout its lifecycle. It involves creating a coordinated digital representation of the built asset using advanced technology, typically combining 3D models with structured data, including product details, execution plans, and handover information.

Globally, BIM processes and data structures are standardized under the ISO 19650 and 12006 series.

At the start of a BIM project, a collaborative team establishes processes and data structures to ensure coordinated design information, benefiting both construction and operation. Early involvement of stakeholders, such as manufacturers and facility management teams, enhances this setup.

During construction, BIM data supports efficient planning and building, with any design changes managed transparently through the agreed process.

Upon project completion, the BIM model aids in asset operation, with real-time performance data enabling a 'digital twin' for ongoing management and optimization.

Several international standards define BIM information structures and processes to ensure consistency across the construction and facility management industries.

Information Structures:

  • ISO 16739-1:2018 - Defines Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for data sharing in construction and facility management.
  • ISO 12006-2:2015 - Establishes a framework for classifying construction information. While individual countries may adopt specific classification systems, this standard provides a global structure.
  • ISO 23386:2020 - Outlines a methodology for describing, authoring, and maintaining properties within interconnected data dictionaries, supporting interoperability in digital construction processes.

Processes:

  • ISO 19650 Series - The internationally recognized framework for managing BIM processes throughout a project's lifecycle. Originally developed from earlier national standards, it now provides a global foundation for collaborative information management in construction.

These standards help ensure that BIM data remains structured, interoperable, and scalable across international projects.

BIM dimensions emerged to distinguish between 2D and 3D modeling, evolving from drawing boards to CAD systems and advanced 3D modeling tools.

Additional dimensions help define project data, such as 4D for scheduling and 5D for cost estimation. However, there is little international consensus beyond these, and cost is often considered an information field rather than a true dimension.

Many organizations and international standards typically avoid using terms like 5D, 6D, or 7D. Instead, they emphasize specifying the exact information required for a project.

A BIM object integrates detailed product information, geometric representation, visualization data, and behavioral attributes to mimic real-world functionality.

There are two main types:

  • Component objects - Fixed-shape products like windows, doors, and boilers.
  • Layered objects - Flexible materials like carpets, roofing, walls, and ceilings that adapt in size and shape.